The Roman Empire was the post-Republican The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government; a period which began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, c. 509 BC, and lasted over 450 years until its subversion, through a series of civil wars, into the Principate form of government and the Imperial period phase of the ancient Roman civilization Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, it became one of the largest empires in the ancient world, characterised by an autocratic An autocracy is a form of government in which the political power is held by a single, self-appointed ruler. The term autocrat is derived from the Greek word autokratōr . Compare with oligarchy ("rule by the few") and democracy ("rule by the people") form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast. Europe is washed upon to the north by the Arctic Ocean and and around the Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is technically a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a completely separate.[4] The term is used to describe the Roman state during and after the time of the first emperor, Augustus Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.[note 1]. The nearly 500-year-old Roman Republic The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government; a period which began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, c. 509 BC, and lasted over 450 years until its subversion, through a series of civil wars, into the Principate form of government and the Imperial period, which preceded it, had been weakened by several civil wars List of civil wars involving Rome. There were several Roman civil wars, especially during the time of the late Republic.[nb 2] Several events are commonly proposed to mark the transition from Republic to Empire, including Julius Caesar's Gaius Julius Caesar , (13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire appointment as perpetual dictator A legal innovation of the Roman Republic, the dictator (Latin for "one who dictates ") — officially known as the Magister Populi ("Master of the People")[citation needed], the Praetor Maximus ("The supreme Praetor")[citation needed], and the Magister Peditum ("Master of the Infantry")[citation needed] — (42 BC), the victory of Octavian Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.[note 1] at the Battle of Actium The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic. It was fought between the forces of Octavian on the one side and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra on the other. The battle took place on September 2, 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea, near the Roman colony of Actium in Greece. Octavian's fleet was (2 September 31 BC), and the Roman Senate's granting to Octavian the honorific An honorific is a word or expression that conveys esteem or respect when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes the term is used not quite correctly to refer to a title of honor . It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social Augustus Augustus , Latin for "majestic," "the increaser," or "venerable", was an Ancient Roman title, which was first held by Caesar Augustus and subsequently came to be considered one of the titles of what we now call the Roman Emperors. The feminine form is Augusta (4 January 27 BC).[nb 3]
The Latin Latin is an Italic language historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Roman conquest, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe. Romance languages such as Italian, French, Catalan, Romanian, Spanish, and Portuguese are descended from Latin, while many others, especially European languages, including term Imperium Romanum Imperium in a broad sense translates as 'power'. In ancient Rome the concept applied to people and meant something like 'power status' or 'authority' or could be used with a geographical connotation and meant something like 'territory'. It is not to be mistaken with 'auctoritas' or potestas (Roman Empire), probably the best-known Latin expression where the word imperium denotes a territory, indicates any part of the world under Roman rule. Roman expansion began in the days of the Republic, but reached its zenith under Emperor Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from A. D. 98 until his death in A. D. 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province (modern day Spain), Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along. At this territorial peak, the Roman Empire controlled approximately 9,500,000 km² (2,300,000 sq mi) of land surface. Because of the Empire's vast extent and long endurance, Roman influence upon the language, religion, architecture, philosophy, law, and government of nations around the world lasts to this day.
In the late 3rd century AD, Diocletian Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles (Greek: Διοκλῆς) and commonly known as Diocletian (pronounced /ˌdаɪ.ɵˈkliːʃən/), was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305. Born to a Dalmatian family of low status, he rose through the ranks of the military to become cavalry commander to the emperor Carus. After the established the practice of dividing authority between two emperors, one in the western part of the empire and one in the east, in order to better administer the vast territory. For the next century this practice continued, with occasional periods in which one emperor assumed complete control. However, after the death of Theodosius Flavius Theodosius , also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great (Greek: Θεοδόσιος Α΄ and Θεοδόσιος ο Μέγας), was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern and Western Roman Empire. After his death, the two parts split in 395, no single emperor would ever again hold genuine supremacy over a united Roman Empire.[5] The Western Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285; the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, today widely known as the Byzantine Empire collapsed in 476 as Romulus Augustus Romulus Augustus , more known by his nickname Romulus Augustulus (Little Augustus), was the last Western Roman Emperor reigning from the 31 October 475 until his deposition on the 4 September 476. His deposition is used to mark the end of the Western Roman Empire, the fall of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Middle Ages in Western Europe was forced to abdicate by Odoacer Odoacer , also known as Odovacar (from a Germanic name *Audawakrs, meaning "watchful of wealth"[citation needed]), was a Germanic general and the first non-Roman ruler of Italy after 476. He deposed the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, that year, but continued to rule first as a nominal client of Julius Nepos and, after.[6] The Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire, known to its inhabitants as the Roman Empire, the Empire of the Romans and also as Romania (Ῥωμανία, Rhōmanía), was the continuation of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople, and ruled by Emperors in direct succession to the ancient Roman Emperors endured until 1453 with the capture of Constantinople The Fall of Constantinople refers to the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire which occurred after a siege laid by the Ottoman Empire, under the command of Sultan Mehmed II. The siege lasted from Thursday, 5 April 1453 until Tuesday, 29 May 1453 , when the city fell to the Ottomans. Constantinople was defended by the army of Emperor by the Ottoman Turks The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. Reliable information about the early history of the Ottomans is scarce. According to some sources , the leader (khan) of the Kayi tribe of the Oguz Turks, Ertugrul, left Persia in the mid-thirteenth century to escape the led by Mehmed II Mehmet II , (also known as el-Fatih (الفاتح), "the Conqueror", in Ottoman Turkish, or, in modern Turkish, Fatih Sultan Mehmet; Known as Mahomet II in early modern Europe) (March 30, 1432, Edirne – May 3, 1481, Hünkârçayırı, near Gebze) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Rûm until the conquest) for a short time from 1444 to.[7] Therefore, it is difficult to give an exact date when the Roman Empire ceased to exist.
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America has been compared to the Roman Empire in secular and religious ways. Blogger La Shawn Barber wrote in part, "The glory that was the United States ...
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BBC Radio: What was the . Roman Empire's. GDP? While troubles in today's economy are creating headlines, one academic economist, Angus Maddison, has been devoted to compiling statistics on world economies on a slightly longer time horizon, ...
Q. I need to write an essay : using specific examples from medieval times, evaluate the statement- "the medieval Christian church can be described as the 'Heir to the Roman Empire'" i need to write this essay by wednesday afternoon. Please help? I don't understand this AT ALL. if you could give me some information, help me evaluate that quote, or even tell me what it is supposed to mean, i would be so thankful.
Asked by Emma B - Tue Aug 11 00:30:53 2009 - - 1 Answers - 0 Comments
